| Bacillus cytotoxicus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Caryophanales, Family Bacillaceae, Genus Bacillus, Bacillus cytotoxicus
Guinebretiere et al. 2013.
Guinebretiere et al. 2013.
Gram-positive rods, ingsingly, in pairs, occasionally in short chains or filaments.
Endospores are mainly ellipsoidal and lie central to subterminal position in
non-swollen sporangia. Parasporal crystals are not produced. Motile.
Endospores are mainly ellipsoidal and lie central to subterminal position in
non-swollen sporangia. Parasporal crystals are not produced. Motile.
After 24 h incubation on TSA at 37 ºC, colonies are 1 mm diameter, cream-coloured,
round, with a flat and shiny surface; may become matt and with slightly irregular
margins with age. Optimal growth occurs at 30-37 ºC, the maximum growth
temperature is 50 ºC. No growth on synthetic media without tryptophan. Facultative
anaerobic.
round, with a flat and shiny surface; may become matt and with slightly irregular
margins with age. Optimal growth occurs at 30-37 ºC, the maximum growth
temperature is 50 ºC. No growth on synthetic media without tryptophan. Facultative
anaerobic.
Isolated from rehydrated foods, unknown natural niche.
Connected to food poisoning outbreaks. Cytotoxic activity against Caco2 cells (cytK-1 genes).
- Guinebretiere MH, Auger S, Galleron N, Contzen M, De Sarrau B, De Buyser ML, Lamberet G, Fagerlund A, Granum PE, Lereclus
D, et al. Bacillus cytotoxicus sp. nov. is a novel thermotolerant species of the Bacillus cereus Group occasionally associated with
food poisoning. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:31-40. - Liu Y, Du J, Lai Q, Zeng R, Ye D, Xu J, Shao Z. Proposal of nine novel species of the Bacillus cereus group. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
2017; 67:2499-2508. - Guinebretiere, M. H., Velge, P., Couvert, O., Carlin, F., Debuyser, M. L. & Nguyen-The, C. (2010). Ability of Bacillus cereus group
strains to cause food poisoning varies according to phylogenetic affiliation (groups I to VII) rather than species affiliation. J Clin
Microbiol 48, 3388–3391.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, gelatinase, lecithinase (egg-yolk) (weak), nitrate reduction, Voges-Proskauer test (weak),
acid production from: arbutin, cellobiose, aesculin, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-mannose, maltose, N-acetylglucosamine and salicin.
Negative results for beta-galactosidase (ONPG), H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase,
urease, starch hydrolysis, tryptophan desaminase, acid production from: D- and L-arabinose, D-adonitol, D- and L-arabitol, dulcitol,
erythritol, D- and L-fucose, galactose, gluconate, glycogen, glycerol, inositol, inulin, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, lactose, D-lyxose, alpha-
methyl-D-glucoside, beta-methyl-xyloside, D-mannitol, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, melibiose, melezitose, raffinose, L-rhamnose, L-
sorbose, D-sorbitol, starch, sucrose, trehalose, D-tagatose, turanose, xylitol, D- and L-xylose.
Variable results for citrate (Simmons’), acid production from amygdalin and ribose.
acid production from: arbutin, cellobiose, aesculin, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-mannose, maltose, N-acetylglucosamine and salicin.
Negative results for beta-galactosidase (ONPG), H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase,
urease, starch hydrolysis, tryptophan desaminase, acid production from: D- and L-arabinose, D-adonitol, D- and L-arabitol, dulcitol,
erythritol, D- and L-fucose, galactose, gluconate, glycogen, glycerol, inositol, inulin, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, lactose, D-lyxose, alpha-
methyl-D-glucoside, beta-methyl-xyloside, D-mannitol, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, melibiose, melezitose, raffinose, L-rhamnose, L-
sorbose, D-sorbitol, starch, sucrose, trehalose, D-tagatose, turanose, xylitol, D- and L-xylose.
Variable results for citrate (Simmons’), acid production from amygdalin and ribose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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