| Metabacillus indicus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Caryophanales, Family Bacillaceae, Genus Metabacillus, Metabacillus indicus
(Suresh et al. 2004) Patel and Gupta 2020.
Synonym: Bacillus indicus Suresh, Prabagaran, Sengupta and Shivaji 2004.
Includes the former Bacillus cibi type strain.
(Suresh et al. 2004) Patel and Gupta 2020.
Synonym: Bacillus indicus Suresh, Prabagaran, Sengupta and Shivaji 2004.
Includes the former Bacillus cibi type strain.
Gram-positive, motile rods, 0.9-1.2 x 3.3-5.3 µm, producing subterminal,
ellipsoidal endospores in slightly swollen sporangia.
ellipsoidal endospores in slightly swollen sporangia.
Colonies are yellowish-orange pigmented (carotenoids), raised, smooth, convex and
3.0-4.0 mm in diameter. Grow aerobically (anaerobic growth was not tested). Grow at
pH 6-7 and 15-37 ºC, optimum temperature 30 ºC ( B. cibi strain grows up to 45 ºC).
Grows with up to 8% (w/v) NaCl. Allantoin and urate are not required for growth.
Growth is observed on R2A and tryptic soy agars, but not on phenylethanol or
mannitol-salt agars. The pH range for growth is pH 6-9.
3.0-4.0 mm in diameter. Grow aerobically (anaerobic growth was not tested). Grow at
pH 6-7 and 15-37 ºC, optimum temperature 30 ºC ( B. cibi strain grows up to 45 ºC).
Grows with up to 8% (w/v) NaCl. Allantoin and urate are not required for growth.
Growth is observed on R2A and tryptic soy agars, but not on phenylethanol or
mannitol-salt agars. The pH range for growth is pH 6-9.
Isolated from sand of an arsenic-contaminated aquifer in West Bengal, India. Resistant to amoxycillin, arsenate and arsenite.
Not determined.
- N.A. Logan and P. De Vos, 2009. Genus I. Bacillus Cohn 1872. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A.
Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes, Springer, 21-127. - Suresh K., Prabagaran S.R., Sengupta S. and Shivaji S., 2004. Bacillus indicus sp. nov. an arsenic-resistant bacterium isolated
from an aquifer in West Bengal, India. IJSEM 54, 1369-1375. - Stropko SJ, Pipes SE, Newman JD. Genome-based reclassification of Bacillus cibi as a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus
indicus and emended description of Bacillus indicus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3804-3809. - Patel S, Gupta RS. A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus:
Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov.,
Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:406-438. - Seiler H, Wenning M, Scherer S. Domibacillus robiginosus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a pharmaceutical clean room. Int J
Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:2054-2061.
Positive results for acid phosphatase (weak), arginine dihydrolase (B. cibi strain is negative), amylase, caseinase, catalase, hydrolysis
of esculin, esterase C4, esterase lipase C8, gelatinase, beta-galactosidase alpha-glucosidase, leucine arylamidase (weakly positive),
alpha- chymotrypsin, naphtholAS-BI-phosphohydrolase, oxidase, starch hydrolysis, acid production from: N-acetyl-glucosamine,
amygdalin, cellobiose, fructose, gentibiose, glycerol, inulin (weak), D-mannose, maltose, melibiose, methyl alpha-D-mannopyanoside,
raffinose, starch, sucrose, turanose and trehalose.
Can utilize as sole carbon source (Biolog GenIII): dextrin, maltose, trehalose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, sucrose, turanose, stachyose,
raffinose, melibiose, methyl beta-D-glucoside, D-salicin, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-D-glucose, D-fructose, glycerol, gelatin, glycyl-
L-proline, L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-pyroglutamic acid, L-serine, pectin, D-gluconic acid, D-glucuronic
acid, methyl pyruvate, D-lactic acid methyl ester, L-lactic acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, L-malic acid, Tween-40, hydroxy-beta-DL-butyric
acid, acetoacetic acid and acetic acid (others are not utilized).
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, H2S production, indole production, methyl-red test, nitrate reduction, lysine decarboxylase,
ornithine decarboxylase, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, citrate utilization, hydrolysis of Tween 20, C14 lipase, valine arylamidase,
cystine arylamidase, trypsin, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase alpha-
fucosidase, acid production from: D-glucose (B. cibi strain is positive), L-arabinose, adonitol, lactose, D-mannitol, melezitose, myo-
inositol, rhamnose, ribose, sorbitol and D-xylose.
Variable results for beta-glucosidase, acid production from: galactose and glucose.
Variable utilization of D-mannose and galactose.
of esculin, esterase C4, esterase lipase C8, gelatinase, beta-galactosidase alpha-glucosidase, leucine arylamidase (weakly positive),
alpha- chymotrypsin, naphtholAS-BI-phosphohydrolase, oxidase, starch hydrolysis, acid production from: N-acetyl-glucosamine,
amygdalin, cellobiose, fructose, gentibiose, glycerol, inulin (weak), D-mannose, maltose, melibiose, methyl alpha-D-mannopyanoside,
raffinose, starch, sucrose, turanose and trehalose.
Can utilize as sole carbon source (Biolog GenIII): dextrin, maltose, trehalose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, sucrose, turanose, stachyose,
raffinose, melibiose, methyl beta-D-glucoside, D-salicin, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-D-glucose, D-fructose, glycerol, gelatin, glycyl-
L-proline, L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-pyroglutamic acid, L-serine, pectin, D-gluconic acid, D-glucuronic
acid, methyl pyruvate, D-lactic acid methyl ester, L-lactic acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, L-malic acid, Tween-40, hydroxy-beta-DL-butyric
acid, acetoacetic acid and acetic acid (others are not utilized).
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, H2S production, indole production, methyl-red test, nitrate reduction, lysine decarboxylase,
ornithine decarboxylase, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, citrate utilization, hydrolysis of Tween 20, C14 lipase, valine arylamidase,
cystine arylamidase, trypsin, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase alpha-
fucosidase, acid production from: D-glucose (B. cibi strain is positive), L-arabinose, adonitol, lactose, D-mannitol, melezitose, myo-
inositol, rhamnose, ribose, sorbitol and D-xylose.
Variable results for beta-glucosidase, acid production from: galactose and glucose.
Variable utilization of D-mannose and galactose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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