| Geobacillus subterraneus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Growth conditions
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Caryophanales, Family Bacillaceae, Genus Geobacillus, 2 subspecies:
- Geobacillus subterraneus subsp. subterraneus (Nazina et al. 2001) Poli et al. 2013;
- Geobacillus subterraneus subsp. aromaticivorans Poli et al. 2013.
- Geobacillus subterraneus subsp. subterraneus (Nazina et al. 2001) Poli et al. 2013;
- Geobacillus subterraneus subsp. aromaticivorans Poli et al. 2013.
Gram-positive rods, 0.8-1.0 x 1.5-1.7 μm. Gram-stain reaction may vary between
positive and negative. Motile by peritrichous flagella. Produce subterminally or
terminally located ellipsoidal spores in non-swollen sporangia.
positive and negative. Motile by peritrichous flagella. Produce subterminally or
terminally located ellipsoidal spores in non-swollen sporangia.
Colonies on nutrient agar are round, mucous and colourless. Sensitive to lysozyme
(0.001%).
Subsp. subterraneus grows at 37-75 ºC (optimum 55-60 ºC), at pH 6-8.5 (optimum
pH is 6.2-7.5) and in 0-5% NaCl. Facultatively anaerobic.
Subsp. aromaticivorans grows at 30-65 ºC (optimum temperature 60 ºC), at pH 5.5-
10, and in 0-1% NaCl. Aerobic. Can degrade xylene and phenanthroline.
(0.001%).
Subsp. subterraneus grows at 37-75 ºC (optimum 55-60 ºC), at pH 6-8.5 (optimum
pH is 6.2-7.5) and in 0-5% NaCl. Facultatively anaerobic.
Subsp. aromaticivorans grows at 30-65 ºC (optimum temperature 60 ºC), at pH 5.5-
10, and in 0-1% NaCl. Aerobic. Can degrade xylene and phenanthroline.
Subsp. subterraneus was isolated from formation waters of high-temperature oilfields in Russia, Kazakhstan and China.
Subsp. aromaticivorans from the mud of Guclukonak hot spring in Sırnak, Turkey. Resistant to Nystatin 100 μg and Novobiocin 5 μg.
Sensitive to Ampicilin 10 μg, Bacitracin 10 U, Chloramphenicol 30 μg, Fusidic acid 10 μg, Gentamycin 10 μg, Kanamycin 5 μg,
Lincomycin 15 μg, Neomycin 10 μg, Penicillin 2 U, Streptomycin 10 μg, Tetracycline 30 μg and Tilcomycin 15 μg.
Subsp. aromaticivorans from the mud of Guclukonak hot spring in Sırnak, Turkey. Resistant to Nystatin 100 μg and Novobiocin 5 μg.
Sensitive to Ampicilin 10 μg, Bacitracin 10 U, Chloramphenicol 30 μg, Fusidic acid 10 μg, Gentamycin 10 μg, Kanamycin 5 μg,
Lincomycin 15 μg, Neomycin 10 μg, Penicillin 2 U, Streptomycin 10 μg, Tetracycline 30 μg and Tilcomycin 15 μg.
Unknown (none).
- Nazina TN, Tourova TP, Poltaraus AB, Novikova EV, Grigoryan AA, Ivanova AE, Lysenko AM, Petrunyaka VV, Osipov GA, Belyaev SS, et
al. Taxonomic study of aerobic thermophilic bacilli: descriptions of Geobacillus subterraneus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Geobacillus
uzenensis sp. nov. from petroleum reservoirs and transfer of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus thermocatenulatus, Bacillus
thermoleovorans, Bacillus kaustophilus, Bacillus thermodenitrificans to Geobacillus as the new combinations G.
stearothermophilus, G. th. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:433-446. - Coorevits A, Dinsdale AE, Halket G, Lebbe L, De Vos P, Van Landschoot A, Logan NA. Taxonomic revision of the genus Geobacillus:
emendation of Geobacillus, G. stearothermophilus, G. jurassicus, G. toebii, G. thermodenitrificans and G. thermoglucosidans (nom.
corrig., formerly 'thermoglucosidasius'); transfer of Bacillus thermantarcticus to the genus as G. thermantarcticus comb. nov.;
proposal of Caldibacillus debilis gen. nov., comb. nov.; transfer of G. tepidamans to Anoxybacillus as A. tepidamans comb. nov.; and
proposal of Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1470-1485. - Poli A, Guven K, Romano I, Pirinccioglu H, Guven RG, Euzeby JP, Matpan F, Acer O, Orlando P, Nicolaus B. Geobacillus
subterraneus subsp. aromaticivorans subsp. nov., a novel thermophilic and alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring in
Sirnak, Turkey. J Gen Appl Microbiol 2012; 58:437-446.
Subsp. subterraneus
Positive results for aesculin hydrolysis, catalase, methyl red test, nitrate reduction, starch hydrolysis, acid production from: cellobiose,
fructose, galactose, glycerol, glycogen, glucose, maltose, mannose, mannitol, melezitose, ribose, salicin, sucrose and trehalose.
Can utilize as carbon and energy sources: methane-naphthenic and naphthenic-aromatic oil, phenylacetate, formate, acetate,
butyrate, pyruvate, benzoate, fumarate, succinate, peptone, tryptone, nutrient broth, potato agar, yeast extract, phenol, ethanol, butanol
and lactate.
Negative results for caseinase, citrate utilization, egg-yolk lecithinase, H2S production, indole production, ONPG, oxidase,
phenylalanine deamination, tyrosine degradation, urease, acid production from: adonitol, L-arabinose, N-acetylglucosamine,
amygdalin, arbutin, gentibiose, inositol, lactose, melibiose, methyl D-glucoside, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol and turanose.
Variable results for gelatinase, Voges-Proskauer reaction, acid production from: D-xylose.
Subsp. aromaticivorans
Positive results for gelatinase, lipase, methyl red test, nitrate and nitrite reduction, ONPG, oxidase, phosphatase, starch hydrolysis,
urease and Voges-Proskauer reaction.
Can utilize as carbon sources: D-galactose, D-lactose and D-maltose, and weakly D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, D-xylose, D-
cellobiose, sodium acetate, sucrose, and glycerol.
Negative results for catalase, caseinase, indole production and hippurate hydrolysis.
Variable results for tyrosine degradation.
Positive results for aesculin hydrolysis, catalase, methyl red test, nitrate reduction, starch hydrolysis, acid production from: cellobiose,
fructose, galactose, glycerol, glycogen, glucose, maltose, mannose, mannitol, melezitose, ribose, salicin, sucrose and trehalose.
Can utilize as carbon and energy sources: methane-naphthenic and naphthenic-aromatic oil, phenylacetate, formate, acetate,
butyrate, pyruvate, benzoate, fumarate, succinate, peptone, tryptone, nutrient broth, potato agar, yeast extract, phenol, ethanol, butanol
and lactate.
Negative results for caseinase, citrate utilization, egg-yolk lecithinase, H2S production, indole production, ONPG, oxidase,
phenylalanine deamination, tyrosine degradation, urease, acid production from: adonitol, L-arabinose, N-acetylglucosamine,
amygdalin, arbutin, gentibiose, inositol, lactose, melibiose, methyl D-glucoside, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol and turanose.
Variable results for gelatinase, Voges-Proskauer reaction, acid production from: D-xylose.
Subsp. aromaticivorans
Positive results for gelatinase, lipase, methyl red test, nitrate and nitrite reduction, ONPG, oxidase, phosphatase, starch hydrolysis,
urease and Voges-Proskauer reaction.
Can utilize as carbon sources: D-galactose, D-lactose and D-maltose, and weakly D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, D-xylose, D-
cellobiose, sodium acetate, sucrose, and glycerol.
Negative results for catalase, caseinase, indole production and hippurate hydrolysis.
Variable results for tyrosine degradation.
(c) Costin Stoica
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