| Arcobacter lekithochrous & Arcobacter haliotis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Epsilonproteobacteria, Order Campylobacterales, Family Arcobacteraceae, Genus
Arcobacter, Arcobacter lekithochrous Dieguez et al. 2017.
Synonyms: Poseidonibacter lekithochrous (Dieguez et al. 2017) Perez-Cataluna et al. 2019.
According to Dieguez et al. (2018), Arcobacter haliotis is a later heterotypic synonym of Arcobacter lekithochrous.
Arcobacter, Arcobacter lekithochrous Dieguez et al. 2017.
Synonyms: Poseidonibacter lekithochrous (Dieguez et al. 2017) Perez-Cataluna et al. 2019.
According to Dieguez et al. (2018), Arcobacter haliotis is a later heterotypic synonym of Arcobacter lekithochrous.
Gram-negative, slightly curved rods, 0.5-0.8 x 0.8-2.0 μm. Motile by polar flagella. Not showing gliding motility. Non-spore-forming.
Non-encapsulated.
Non-encapsulated.
Colonies are white / slightly brown in colour and 1.0 mm in diameter after incubation
for 3 days at 25 ºC on MA. Growth under aerobic and microaerobic conditions occurs
from 10 to 25 ºC, but not at 4, 30, 37 and 42 ºC, and only weakly at 10 ºC. The optimal
growth temperature is 25 ºC. The optimal pH for growth is between 6 and 8. Growth
occurs from 2 to 5% (w/v) NaCl. Halophilic; optimal growth is obtained in media with
3% (w/v) sea salts. No growth is observed without salts .Grows on MA 0.05 %
safranin. No growth occurs on TSA, TSA + 5 % sheep blood, blood agar,CAT broth,
Campylobacter blood-free charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (CCDA), minimal
medium, MacConkey agar, 1% glycine. No growth on NA supplemented with glycine,
sodium deoxycholate or crystal violet. Variable growth on NA supplemented with
oxgall. Grows at 0.01 and 0.04% of TTC.
for 3 days at 25 ºC on MA. Growth under aerobic and microaerobic conditions occurs
from 10 to 25 ºC, but not at 4, 30, 37 and 42 ºC, and only weakly at 10 ºC. The optimal
growth temperature is 25 ºC. The optimal pH for growth is between 6 and 8. Growth
occurs from 2 to 5% (w/v) NaCl. Halophilic; optimal growth is obtained in media with
3% (w/v) sea salts. No growth is observed without salts .Grows on MA 0.05 %
safranin. No growth occurs on TSA, TSA + 5 % sheep blood, blood agar,CAT broth,
Campylobacter blood-free charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (CCDA), minimal
medium, MacConkey agar, 1% glycine. No growth on NA supplemented with glycine,
sodium deoxycholate or crystal violet. Variable growth on NA supplemented with
oxgall. Grows at 0.01 and 0.04% of TTC.
A. lekithochrous strain were isolated from great scallop (Pecten maximus) larvae and tank seawater in a Norwegian hatchery.
A. haliotis was isolated from the gut of an abalone of the species Haliotis gigantea harvested in Owase, Mie, Japan.
Intermediate resistance to nalidixic acid (30 µg).
A. haliotis was isolated from the gut of an abalone of the species Haliotis gigantea harvested in Owase, Mie, Japan.
Intermediate resistance to nalidixic acid (30 µg).
Undetermined.
- Dieguez AL, Balboa S, Magnesen T, Romalde JL. Arcobacter lekithochrous sp. nov., isolated from a molluscan hatchery. Int J Syst
Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1327-1332. - Dieguez AL, Perez-Cataluna A, Figueras MJ, Romalde JL. Arcobacter haliotis Tanaka et al. 2017 is a later heterotypic synonym of
Arcobacter lekithochrous Dieguez et al. 2017. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2851-2854. - Tanaka R, Cleenwerck I, Mizutani Y, Iehata S, Bossier P, Vandamme P. Arcobacter haliotis sp. nov., isolated from abalone
species Haliotis gigantea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3050-3056. - Kim MJ, Baek MG, Shin SK, Yi H. Poseidonibacter parvus sp. nov., isolated from a squid. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4590.
Positive results for acid and alkaline phosphatase (A. haliotis negative), arginine dihydrolase, catalase, esterase (C4), esterase
lipase (C8), naphthol AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, nitrate reduction and oxidase.
Can utilize as sole carbon source: L-asparagine, L-proline, L-glutamine, lactate, malate, succinate, D-mannose, D-glucose, lactic
acid, succinic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid and malic acid.
Negative results for L-arginine arylamidase, L-aspartate arylamidase, indole production, H2S production on TSI,
gamma-glutamyltransferase, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, urease [2], Voges-Proskauer test. Alginate, aesculin, hippurate, starch,
gelatin, casein, chitin, cellulose, DNA and Tween 80 are not hydrolysed.
No utilization of L-cysteine, L-arabinose, D-glucose, inositol, lactose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, D-sorbose, D-xylose, citrate, malonate,
D-ribose, arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, salicin, D-sorbitol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-threonine, D-mannitol, myo-inositol,
ornithine, putrescine, sarcocine, L-citrulline, citric acid and gluconic acid.
Variable results for indoxyl acetate, utilization of: L-aspartate, L-alanine, acetate, fumarate, pyruvate, L-arginine, L-leucine, L-lysine,
L-serine, D-fructose and sucrose.
lipase (C8), naphthol AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, nitrate reduction and oxidase.
Can utilize as sole carbon source: L-asparagine, L-proline, L-glutamine, lactate, malate, succinate, D-mannose, D-glucose, lactic
acid, succinic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid and malic acid.
Negative results for L-arginine arylamidase, L-aspartate arylamidase, indole production, H2S production on TSI,
gamma-glutamyltransferase, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, urease [2], Voges-Proskauer test. Alginate, aesculin, hippurate, starch,
gelatin, casein, chitin, cellulose, DNA and Tween 80 are not hydrolysed.
No utilization of L-cysteine, L-arabinose, D-glucose, inositol, lactose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, D-sorbose, D-xylose, citrate, malonate,
D-ribose, arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, salicin, D-sorbitol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-threonine, D-mannitol, myo-inositol,
ornithine, putrescine, sarcocine, L-citrulline, citric acid and gluconic acid.
Variable results for indoxyl acetate, utilization of: L-aspartate, L-alanine, acetate, fumarate, pyruvate, L-arginine, L-leucine, L-lysine,
L-serine, D-fructose and sucrose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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