| Chromobacterium subtsugae |
Colonies are smooth, regular and raised on Luria-Bertani agar, initialy cream
coloured, but turning deep violet (violacein production), starting from the centre, in
24-48 h in the presence of oxygen on peptone-based media. Not hemolytic on sheep
blood agar. Facultatively anaerobic. Growth temperature range 10-40 ºC (optimum
25-28 ºC). The optimal pH for growth is 6.5-8.0; pH range 4.5-9. Growth occurs in the
presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl.
coloured, but turning deep violet (violacein production), starting from the centre, in
24-48 h in the presence of oxygen on peptone-based media. Not hemolytic on sheep
blood agar. Facultatively anaerobic. Growth temperature range 10-40 ºC (optimum
25-28 ºC). The optimal pH for growth is 6.5-8.0; pH range 4.5-9. Growth occurs in the
presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl.
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Betaproteobacteria, Order Neisseriales, Family Chromobacteriaceae, Genus
Chromobacterium, Chromobacterium subtsugae Martin et al. 2007.
Chromobacterium, Chromobacterium subtsugae Martin et al. 2007.
Gram-negative rods, 0.7 x 2.4 μm. Motile by means of polar flagella.
The type strain was isolated from soil beneath hemlock trees (Tsuga canadensis), in Maryland, USA.
Toxic to Colorado potato beetle, corn rootworm, small hive beetle, sweet potato whitefly, southern green stink bug and diamondback
moth.
moth.
- Martin P, Gundersen-Rindal D, Blackburn M, Buyer J. 2007. Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov., a betaproteobacterium toxic to
Colorado potato beetle and other insect pests. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57(5):993-999 doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64611-0. - Soby S, Gadagkar S, Contreras C, Caruso F. 2013. Chromobacterium vaccinii sp. nov., isolated from native and cultivated
cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) bogs and irrigation ponds. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63(5):1840-1846 doi:10.1099/ijs.
0.045161-0. - Shan Zhou, Xiang Guo, Huimin Wang, Delong Kong, Yanwei Wang, Jie Zhu, Weiwei Dong, Mingxiong He, Guoquan Hu, Bingqiang
Zhao, Bin Zhao and Zhiyong Ruan. 2016. Chromobacterium rhizoryzae sp. nov., isolated from rice roots. IJSEM 66: 3890-3896,
doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001284. - Euzeby (J.P.): List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.,
1997, 47, 590-592. (List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. https://www.bacterio.net).
Description is based on API 20 NE strip and Biolog GN2 MicroPlate results.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, casein hydrolysis, catalase, gelatin hydrolysis, lecithinase, lipase, oxidase, acid production
from: fructose, glucose and trehalose.
Can utilize: D-alanine, L-alanine, L-alanyl glycine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, D-serine, L-serine,
L-threonine, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-trehalose, acetic acid, lactic acid, bromosuccinic acid, propionic acid, Tween 40, Tween 80,
N-acetylglucosamine, monomethyl succinate, inosine, glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.
Negative results for indole production, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidasenitrates reduction and urease.
No utilization of: D-arabitol, D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-sorbitol, gamma-aminobutyric acid, melibiose, trisodium citrate,
L-arabinose, D-maltose, adipic acid and phenylacetic acid.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, casein hydrolysis, catalase, gelatin hydrolysis, lecithinase, lipase, oxidase, acid production
from: fructose, glucose and trehalose.
Can utilize: D-alanine, L-alanine, L-alanyl glycine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, D-serine, L-serine,
L-threonine, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-trehalose, acetic acid, lactic acid, bromosuccinic acid, propionic acid, Tween 40, Tween 80,
N-acetylglucosamine, monomethyl succinate, inosine, glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.
Negative results for indole production, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidasenitrates reduction and urease.
No utilization of: D-arabitol, D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-sorbitol, gamma-aminobutyric acid, melibiose, trisodium citrate,
L-arabinose, D-maltose, adipic acid and phenylacetic acid.
(c) Costin Stoica
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