| Microvirgula aerodenitrificans |
No growth in the presence of 3% NaCl, but can grow in 1% bile or 1% glycine. Grows
on TSI, EMB, MacConkey and Seller agars. Grows in MRVP broth. Aerobic; anaerobic
respiration occurs in the presence of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide, with the
formation of N2. Growth temperature range 15-45 ºC, 35 ºC optimum. A water-soluble
yellow-green fluorescent pigment is produced. Water-soluble brown pigment is not
produced in the presence of tyrosine or tryptophan.
on TSI, EMB, MacConkey and Seller agars. Grows in MRVP broth. Aerobic; anaerobic
respiration occurs in the presence of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide, with the
formation of N2. Growth temperature range 15-45 ºC, 35 ºC optimum. A water-soluble
yellow-green fluorescent pigment is produced. Water-soluble brown pigment is not
produced in the presence of tyrosine or tryptophan.
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Betaproteobacteria, Order Neisseriales, Family Chromobacteriaceae, Genus
Microvirgula, Microvirgula aerodenitrificans Patureau et al. 1998 emend. Cleenwerck et al. 2003, type species of the genus.
Synonym: Aquaspirillum dispar Hylemon et al. 1973 (M. aerodenitrificans includes the strains previously classified as A. dispar).
Microvirgula, Microvirgula aerodenitrificans Patureau et al. 1998 emend. Cleenwerck et al. 2003, type species of the genus.
Synonym: Aquaspirillum dispar Hylemon et al. 1973 (M. aerodenitrificans includes the strains previously classified as A. dispar).
Gram-negative, curved rods, 0.5-0.7 / 2.1-6.5 μm. Motile by bipolar flagella.
Intracellular poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate is formed.
Intracellular poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate is formed.
Isolated from an up-flow anoxic filter inoculated with activated sludges and from fresh water.
Susceptible to ampicillin and rifampicin. Resistant to penicillin-G, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid.
Susceptible to ampicillin and rifampicin. Resistant to penicillin-G, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid.
Undetermined.
- Tone Tonjum, 2005. Order IV. Neisseriales ord. nov. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second edition, Vol two, part
C The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp 774-863. - Euzeby (J.P.): List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.,
1997, 47, 590-592. (List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. https://www.bacterio.net). - Cleenwerck I, De Wachter M, Hoste B, Janssens D, Swings J. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53(5):1457-1459.
- Subhash Y, Park M, Lee S. Microvirgula curvata sp. nov., isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, and emended description
of the genus Microvirgula. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 66(12):5309-5313.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, arginine dehydrolase, catalase, CM-cellulose hydrolysis, cystine arylamidase, alpha-
chymotrypsin, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), H2S production from 0.2% cysteine in PSS broth (7 days) (negative in 0.01%
cysteine in NA), leucine arylamidase, nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and oxidase.
Can utilize as sole carbon source: methylpyruvate, acetate, formate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, propionate, sebacic acid, succinate,
L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-leucine, L-proline, methanol, ethanol and glycerol.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, deoxiribonuclease, ribonuclease, alkaline reaction in litmus milk, casein hydrolysis, alpha-
fucosidase, gelatin hydrolysis (4 days incubation at 30 ºC) - positive in Subhash's study, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, beta-
glucuronidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, hippurate hydrolysis, indole production, alpha-
mannosidase, trypsin, valine arylamidase, acid production from raffinose, rhamnose and other sugars.
Cannot utilize as sole carbon source: citrate, dextrin, glycogen, xylitol, alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketovalerate, malonate, D-alanine, L-
phenylalanine, D-serine, L-threonine, DL-carnitine, inosine, uridine, 2,3-butanediol, glucose-1-phosphate, D-galacturonic acid and D-
gluconic acid.
Variable results for esculin hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, urease, acid production from: L-arabinose, cellobiose, D-glucose, maltose
and sucrose.
chymotrypsin, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), H2S production from 0.2% cysteine in PSS broth (7 days) (negative in 0.01%
cysteine in NA), leucine arylamidase, nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and oxidase.
Can utilize as sole carbon source: methylpyruvate, acetate, formate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, propionate, sebacic acid, succinate,
L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-leucine, L-proline, methanol, ethanol and glycerol.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, deoxiribonuclease, ribonuclease, alkaline reaction in litmus milk, casein hydrolysis, alpha-
fucosidase, gelatin hydrolysis (4 days incubation at 30 ºC) - positive in Subhash's study, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, beta-
glucuronidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, hippurate hydrolysis, indole production, alpha-
mannosidase, trypsin, valine arylamidase, acid production from raffinose, rhamnose and other sugars.
Cannot utilize as sole carbon source: citrate, dextrin, glycogen, xylitol, alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketovalerate, malonate, D-alanine, L-
phenylalanine, D-serine, L-threonine, DL-carnitine, inosine, uridine, 2,3-butanediol, glucose-1-phosphate, D-galacturonic acid and D-
gluconic acid.
Variable results for esculin hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, urease, acid production from: L-arabinose, cellobiose, D-glucose, maltose
and sucrose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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