| Erwinia amylovora |
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Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74% of strains
Differential characters of Erwinia species:
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Erwiniaceae, Genus Erwinia,
Erwinia amylovora (Burrill 1882) Winslow et al. 1920, type species of the genus.
Old synonyms: Bacillus amylovorus, Bacterium amylovorus, Micrococcus amylovorus.
Erwinia amylovora (Burrill 1882) Winslow et al. 1920, type species of the genus.
Old synonyms: Bacillus amylovorus, Bacterium amylovorus, Micrococcus amylovorus.
Gram negative, straight bacilli, motile by peritrichous flagella, 0.5-1.0 x 1-3 μm.
After 2-3 days incubation at 27 ºC, colonies on 5% sucrose nutrient agar are typically
white, domed, shining, mucoid (levan-producing type) with radial striations, and a
dense flocculent center or central ring. Produce extracellular polysaccharides,
lipopolysaccharide, a high-molecular mass levan, a low-molecular-mass glucan, and
levansucrase. Nonlevan forms are isolated rarely. Facultatively anaerobic. Optimum
growth temperature 26-30 ºC.
white, domed, shining, mucoid (levan-producing type) with radial striations, and a
dense flocculent center or central ring. Produce extracellular polysaccharides,
lipopolysaccharide, a high-molecular mass levan, a low-molecular-mass glucan, and
levansucrase. Nonlevan forms are isolated rarely. Facultatively anaerobic. Optimum
growth temperature 26-30 ºC.
Associated with plants. Widely distributed in nature. Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas fluorescens are antagonistic toward E.
amylovora.
amylovora.
Erwinia amylovora causes ‘fireblight’ - a necrotic disease on apple, pear, and other
Rosaceae.
Rosaceae.
- J. G. Holt et al., 1994. Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods. Subgroup 1. Family Enterobacteriaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th-edition, Williams & Wilkins, pp 175-189. - Don J. Brenner and J.J. Farmer III, 2001. Family I. Enterobacteriaceae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second
edition, Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp 587-897. - Hauben (L.), Moore (E.R.B.), Vauterin(L.), Steenackers (M.), Mergaert (J.), Verdonck (L.) & Swings (J.): Phylogenetic position of
phytopathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 1998, 21, 384-397. - Skerman (V.B.D.), McGowan (V.) and Sneath (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30,
225-420. - Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, S Gupta R. Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the 'Enterobacteriales': proposal for
Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov.,
Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
2016; 66:5575-5599.
Positive results for catalase, citrate utilization, acetate utilization, acid production from D-glucose, D-ribose and trehalose.
Negative results for pectinase, oxidase, urease, phenilalanine deaminase, arginine dihydrolase, indole production, acid production
from alpha-methylglucoside, cellobiose, dulcitol, inulin, glycerol, myo-inositol, inulin, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, melezitose,
melibiose, raffinose, L-rhamnose, salicin, starch and xylose.
Variable acid production from L-arabinose.
Negative results for pectinase, oxidase, urease, phenilalanine deaminase, arginine dihydrolase, indole production, acid production
from alpha-methylglucoside, cellobiose, dulcitol, inulin, glycerol, myo-inositol, inulin, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, melezitose,
melibiose, raffinose, L-rhamnose, salicin, starch and xylose.
Variable acid production from L-arabinose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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