| Lactobacillus (Latilactobacillus) curvatus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Lactobacillales, Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus Lactobacillus [Group B lactobacilli
(facultatively heterofermentative), unique phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus curvatus (Troili-Petersson 1903) Abo-Elnaga and Kandler
1965. Two subspecies:
- Lactobacillus curvatus subsp. curvatus (Troili-Petersson 1903) Torriani et al. 1996,
- Lactobacillus curvatus subsp. melibiosus Torriani, Van Reenen, Klein, Reuter, Dellaglio and Dicks 1996.
Historical synonyms: Bacterium curvatum Troili-Petersson 1903. According to Koort et al. 2004, Lactobacillus curvatus subsp.
melibiosus Torriani et al. 1996 is a later heterotypic synonym of Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus corrig. Torriani et al. 1996.
Homotypic synonym: Latilactobacillus curvatus (Troili-Petersson 1903) Zheng et al. 2020.
(facultatively heterofermentative), unique phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus curvatus (Troili-Petersson 1903) Abo-Elnaga and Kandler
1965. Two subspecies:
- Lactobacillus curvatus subsp. curvatus (Troili-Petersson 1903) Torriani et al. 1996,
- Lactobacillus curvatus subsp. melibiosus Torriani, Van Reenen, Klein, Reuter, Dellaglio and Dicks 1996.
Historical synonyms: Bacterium curvatum Troili-Petersson 1903. According to Koort et al. 2004, Lactobacillus curvatus subsp.
melibiosus Torriani et al. 1996 is a later heterotypic synonym of Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus corrig. Torriani et al. 1996.
Homotypic synonym: Latilactobacillus curvatus (Troili-Petersson 1903) Zheng et al. 2020.
Cells are curved, bean-shaped rods with rounded ends (0.7-0.9 x 1-2 μm) occurring
in pairs and short chains; closed rings of usually four cells or horseshoe forms
frequently observed. Motility lost on subculture. Nonspore-forming.
in pairs and short chains; closed rings of usually four cells or horseshoe forms
frequently observed. Motility lost on subculture. Nonspore-forming.
No growth in 10% NaCl medium (variable for subsp. curvatus).
Optimum growth temperature 30-37 ºC. Can grow at 15 ºC, but not at 45 ºC. Variable
growth at 2-4 ºC.
Optimum growth temperature 30-37 ºC. Can grow at 15 ºC, but not at 45 ºC. Variable
growth at 2-4 ºC.
Isolated from cow dung, milk, silage, sauerkraut, prepacked finished dough, sourdough, pressed yeast, meat products, endocarditis.
Undetermined.
- Hammes W.P. and Hertel C., 2009. Genus I. Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W.
Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes,
Springer, 465-511. - Rogosa M., 1974. Genus I. Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901. In: (Eds.) Buchanan R.E. and Gibbons N.E., Bergey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, Eighth Edition , The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 576-593. - Torriani (S.), Van Reenen (C.A.), Klein (G.), Reuter (G.), Dellaglio (F.) and Dicks (L.M.T.), 1996. Lactobacillus curvatus subsp.
curvatus subsp. nov. and Lactobacillus curvatus subsp. melibiosus subsp. nov. and Lactobacillus sake subsp. sake subsp. nov.
and Lactobacillus sake subsp. carnosus subsp. nov., new subspecies of Lactobacillus curvatus Abo-Elnaga and Kandler 1965
and Lactobacillus sake Katagiri, Kitahara, and Fukami 1934 (Klein et al. 1996, emended descriptions), respectively. IJSB.,46,
1158-1163. - Koort (J.), Vandamme (P.), Schillinger (U.), Holzapfel (W.) and Bjorkroth (J.). 2004. Lactobacillus curvatus subsp. melibiosus is a
later synonym of Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus. IJSEM 54, 1621-1626. - Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz MAP et al., 2020. A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel
genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
Int J Syst Microbiol. 70, 2782-2858. - Oberg CJ, Oberg TS, Culumber MD, Ortakci F, Broadbent JR and McMahon D, 2015. Lactobacillus wasatchensis sp. nov., a non-
starter lactic acid bacteria isolated from aged Cheddar cheese. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 66, 158-164. - Goodfellow, M., T.M. Embley and B. Austin. 1985. Numerical taxonomy and emended description of Renibacterium salmoninarum.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 131: 2739-2752.
Facultatively heterofermentative.
Positive results for aesculin hydrolysis, leucine arylamidase,naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, valine arylamidase, fermentation of:
esculin, fructose, glucose (without gas production), mannose and ribose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, acid and alkaline phosphatase, catalase, cystine arylamidase, esterase (C4), esterase
lipase (C8), lipase (C14), trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, alpha-fucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha- and
beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, oxidase, fermentation of: erythritol,
inositol, mannitol, melezitose, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol and xylose.
Variable results for fermentation of: amygdalin, cellobiose, salicin and trehalose.
Positive results for aesculin hydrolysis, leucine arylamidase,naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, valine arylamidase, fermentation of:
esculin, fructose, glucose (without gas production), mannose and ribose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, acid and alkaline phosphatase, catalase, cystine arylamidase, esterase (C4), esterase
lipase (C8), lipase (C14), trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, alpha-fucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha- and
beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, oxidase, fermentation of: erythritol,
inositol, mannitol, melezitose, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol and xylose.
Variable results for fermentation of: amygdalin, cellobiose, salicin and trehalose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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Differential characters of Lactobacillus curvatus subspecies:
Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74% of strains
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