| Arthrobacter flavus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Arthrobacter, Arthrobacter flavus
Reddy et al. 2000.
Reddy et al. 2000.
Gram-positive cells showing a rod-coccus cycle. Non-motile. Non-spore-forming.
Colonies on peptone-yeast extract medium are yellow, round, smooth, convex and
0.5-2 mm in diameter. Pigment production is not dependent on growth conditions or
media composition. The pigment is insoluble in water but soluble in methanol.
Growth factors are not required. Psychrophilic, grows at 5-30 ºC, optimum growth
temperature is 25 ºC. Growth occurs in the presence of up to 11.5% (w/v) NaCl. The
optimum pH range for growth is 6-9. Aerobic.
0.5-2 mm in diameter. Pigment production is not dependent on growth conditions or
media composition. The pigment is insoluble in water but soluble in methanol.
Growth factors are not required. Psychrophilic, grows at 5-30 ºC, optimum growth
temperature is 25 ºC. Growth occurs in the presence of up to 11.5% (w/v) NaCl. The
optimum pH range for growth is 6-9. Aerobic.
Isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample from McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica.
Susceptible to carbenicillin (50 µg), tobramycin (15 µg), chlortetracycline (30 µg), polymyxin B (300 µg), oxytetracycline (30 µg), rifampicin
(5 µg), nitrofurantoin (300 µg), penicillin (10 µg), bacitracin (10 µg), nitrofurazone (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), lincomycin (2 µg),
furazolidone (50 µg), colistin (10 µg), furoxone (100 µg), kanamycin (30 µg), nystatin (100 µg), co-trimoxazole (25 µg), chloramphenicol
(30 µg), ampicillin (10 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), amoxycillin (100 µg), trimethoprim (5 µg) and erythromycin (15 µg).
Susceptible to carbenicillin (50 µg), tobramycin (15 µg), chlortetracycline (30 µg), polymyxin B (300 µg), oxytetracycline (30 µg), rifampicin
(5 µg), nitrofurantoin (300 µg), penicillin (10 µg), bacitracin (10 µg), nitrofurazone (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), lincomycin (2 µg),
furazolidone (50 µg), colistin (10 µg), furoxone (100 µg), kanamycin (30 µg), nystatin (100 µg), co-trimoxazole (25 µg), chloramphenicol
(30 µg), ampicillin (10 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), amoxycillin (100 µg), trimethoprim (5 µg) and erythromycin (15 µg).
Undetermined.
- Reddy GS, Aggarwal RK, Matsumoto GI, Shivaji S. Arthrobacter flavus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from a pond in
McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1553-1561.
Positive results for catalase, esculin hydrolysis, lipase, gelatinase, and beta-galactosidase.
Can utilize sorbitol as sole carbon source.
Negative results for cellulose hydrolysis, indole production, levan formation, methyl red test, nitrate reduction, oxidase, phosphatase,
starch hydrolysis, urease, and Voges-Prosauker test.
Cannot oxidize or ferment glucose, galactose, sucrose, thioglycolate or mannose.
No utilization of sucrose, rhamnose, cellulose, arabinose, mellibiose, cellobiose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, mannose, trehalose,
xylose, mannitol, raffinose, glycerol, ribose, lactose, lactic acid, adonitol, maltose, glucose, glucosamine, sorbitol, melezitol,
beta-hydroxybutyric acid, dulcitol, dextrose, polyethylene glycol, glycine, lysine, Na-citrate, Na-acetate, Na-succinate, cellulose, inulin,
meso-inositol, glutamic acid, L-alanine, phenylalanine, methionine, glutamine, arginine, serine, potassium hydrogen phosphate,
myristic acid, ammonium formate, creatine, methanol, tyrosine, sodium pyruvate, glycogen, erythritol, tryptophan, ethanol and sodium
thioglycolate.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase actvity (positive-aerobic, negative-anaerobic).
Can utilize sorbitol as sole carbon source.
Negative results for cellulose hydrolysis, indole production, levan formation, methyl red test, nitrate reduction, oxidase, phosphatase,
starch hydrolysis, urease, and Voges-Prosauker test.
Cannot oxidize or ferment glucose, galactose, sucrose, thioglycolate or mannose.
No utilization of sucrose, rhamnose, cellulose, arabinose, mellibiose, cellobiose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, mannose, trehalose,
xylose, mannitol, raffinose, glycerol, ribose, lactose, lactic acid, adonitol, maltose, glucose, glucosamine, sorbitol, melezitol,
beta-hydroxybutyric acid, dulcitol, dextrose, polyethylene glycol, glycine, lysine, Na-citrate, Na-acetate, Na-succinate, cellulose, inulin,
meso-inositol, glutamic acid, L-alanine, phenylalanine, methionine, glutamine, arginine, serine, potassium hydrogen phosphate,
myristic acid, ammonium formate, creatine, methanol, tyrosine, sodium pyruvate, glycogen, erythritol, tryptophan, ethanol and sodium
thioglycolate.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase actvity (positive-aerobic, negative-anaerobic).
(c) Costin Stoica
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