| Arthrobacter subterraneus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Arthrobacter, Arthrobacter
subterraneus Chang et al. 2008.
Species description is based on a single isolate.
subterraneus Chang et al. 2008.
Species description is based on a single isolate.
Gram-positive short rods and cocci, 0.8-1 µm in diameter, occurring singly, in pairs, or
in clusters. Non-motile. Non-spore-forming.
in clusters. Non-motile. Non-spore-forming.
Colonies grown on NA after 48 h are small (<1 mm), pale yellow, round with entire
margins, of a low convexity, opaque, and smooth. Optimum temperature for growth is
20-30 ºC. Weak growth at 37 ºC, and no growth at 45 ºC. Growth is apparent at 4 ºC
after 1 week of incubation. Grows at pH 5.3-10.5 (optimally at pH 7) and in the
presence of 13% (w/v) NaCl (not in 15% NaCl). Aerobic.
margins, of a low convexity, opaque, and smooth. Optimum temperature for growth is
20-30 ºC. Weak growth at 37 ºC, and no growth at 45 ºC. Growth is apparent at 4 ºC
after 1 week of incubation. Grows at pH 5.3-10.5 (optimally at pH 7) and in the
presence of 13% (w/v) NaCl (not in 15% NaCl). Aerobic.
Isolated from deep subsurface water of the South Coast of Korea.
Undetermined.
- Chang HW, Bae JW, Nam YD, Kwon HY, Park JR, Shin KS, Kim KH, Quan ZX, Rhee SK, An KG, et al. Arthrobacter subterraneus sp.
nov., isolated from deep subsurface water of the South Coast of Korea. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 17:1875-1879. - Ince IA, Demirbag Z, Kati H. Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. nov., isolated from Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae).
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3384-3389. - Lee JY, Hyun DW, Soo Kim P, Sik Kim H, Shin NR, Yun JH, Jung MJ, Kim MS, Woong Whon T, Bae JW. Arthrobacter echini sp. nov.,
isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1887-1893.
Description is based on API Staph, API 20E, API ZYM and Biolog GP2 results.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, catalase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, leucine
arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, trypsin, valine arylamidase, fermentation of D-mannitol, D-melibiose, raffinose and
xylitol.
Can utilize (Biolog GP2) p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, pyruvatic acid methyl ester, propionic acid, acetic acid, dextrin, D-fructose,
alpha-D-glucose, maltose, maltotriose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, D-psicose, L-alaninamide, sucrose, turanose, pyruvic
acid, glycerol, adenosine, and .
Negative results for arginine dyhydrolase, alkaline phosphatase (positive in Lee's study), alpha-chymotrypsin, cystine arylamidase,
alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, gelatin hydrolysis,
H2S production, indole production, lipase (C14), alpha-mannosidase, nitrate reduction, oxidase, urease, fermentation of D-glucose,
D-fructose, lactose, D-mannose, maltose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, N-acetyl-glucosamine, D-trehalose, sucrose, and xylose.
.
No utilization of Tween 40 and 80, DL-alpha-glycerol phosphate, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, cellobiose, D-gluconic acid, lactamide,
adenosine-5'-monophosphate, arbutin, D-ribose, L-pyroglutamic acid, L-serine, palatinose, inosine, uridine, alpha- and
beta-cyclodextrin, glycogen, inulin, mannan, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosamine, amygdalin, L-arabinose,
D-arabitol, L-fucose, D-galacturonic acid, myo-inositol, alpha-lactose, lactulose, melezitose, melibiose, methyl alpha-D-galactoside,
methyl beta-D-galactoside, 3-methyl glucose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, methyl beta-D-glucoside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside,
L-rhamnose, salicin, sedoheptulosan, stachyose, D-tagatose, xylitol, D-xylose, alpha- and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, alpha-ketovaleric
acid, D-lactic acid methyl ester, D- and L-alanine, L-asparagine, putrescine, 2,3-butanediol, 2'-deoxyadenosine, thymidine,
thymidine-5'-monophosphate, uridine-5'-monophosphate, alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and D-glucose-6-phosphate.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, catalase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, leucine
arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, trypsin, valine arylamidase, fermentation of D-mannitol, D-melibiose, raffinose and
xylitol.
Can utilize (Biolog GP2) p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, pyruvatic acid methyl ester, propionic acid, acetic acid, dextrin, D-fructose,
alpha-D-glucose, maltose, maltotriose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, D-psicose, L-alaninamide, sucrose, turanose, pyruvic
acid, glycerol, adenosine, and .
Negative results for arginine dyhydrolase, alkaline phosphatase (positive in Lee's study), alpha-chymotrypsin, cystine arylamidase,
alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, gelatin hydrolysis,
H2S production, indole production, lipase (C14), alpha-mannosidase, nitrate reduction, oxidase, urease, fermentation of D-glucose,
D-fructose, lactose, D-mannose, maltose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, N-acetyl-glucosamine, D-trehalose, sucrose, and xylose.
.
No utilization of Tween 40 and 80, DL-alpha-glycerol phosphate, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, cellobiose, D-gluconic acid, lactamide,
adenosine-5'-monophosphate, arbutin, D-ribose, L-pyroglutamic acid, L-serine, palatinose, inosine, uridine, alpha- and
beta-cyclodextrin, glycogen, inulin, mannan, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosamine, amygdalin, L-arabinose,
D-arabitol, L-fucose, D-galacturonic acid, myo-inositol, alpha-lactose, lactulose, melezitose, melibiose, methyl alpha-D-galactoside,
methyl beta-D-galactoside, 3-methyl glucose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, methyl beta-D-glucoside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside,
L-rhamnose, salicin, sedoheptulosan, stachyose, D-tagatose, xylitol, D-xylose, alpha- and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, alpha-ketovaleric
acid, D-lactic acid methyl ester, D- and L-alanine, L-asparagine, putrescine, 2,3-butanediol, 2'-deoxyadenosine, thymidine,
thymidine-5'-monophosphate, uridine-5'-monophosphate, alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and D-glucose-6-phosphate.
(c) Costin Stoica
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