| Nesterenkonia halobia |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Nesterenkonia, Nesterenkonia
halobia (Onishi and Kamekura 1972) Stackebrandt et al. 1995, type species of the genus.
Basonym: Micrococcus halobius Onishi and Kamekura 1972.
halobia (Onishi and Kamekura 1972) Stackebrandt et al. 1995, type species of the genus.
Basonym: Micrococcus halobius Onishi and Kamekura 1972.
Gram-positive coccoid cells, 0.8-1.5 µm in diameter, occuring singly, in pairs, or
tetrads or irregular clusters. Non-motile. Non-spore-forming. Non-encapsulated.
tetrads or irregular clusters. Non-motile. Non-spore-forming. Non-encapsulated.
Colonies on nutrient agar supplemented with 5% NaCl are circular, smooth, opaque,
and nonpigmented. Turbid growth in nutrient broth without pellicle production. Growth
occurs at 20-40 ºC (optimum 37 ºC) and pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5). Optimum
growth occurs on media containing 1-2 M NaCl, moderate growth occurs in the
presence of 4 M NaCl, but no growth occurs on media lacking NaCl or KCl. Thiamine
is required for growth; growth is stimulated by biotin. Aerobic. Non-hemolytic.
and nonpigmented. Turbid growth in nutrient broth without pellicle production. Growth
occurs at 20-40 ºC (optimum 37 ºC) and pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5). Optimum
growth occurs on media containing 1-2 M NaCl, moderate growth occurs in the
presence of 4 M NaCl, but no growth occurs on media lacking NaCl or KCl. Thiamine
is required for growth; growth is stimulated by biotin. Aerobic. Non-hemolytic.
Isolated from unrefined solar salt, Noda, Japan.
Resistant to lysozyme. Susceptible to ampicillin (10 µg), bacitracin (10 U), cephalothin (30 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), erythromycin
(15 µg), novobiocin (30 µg), and rifampin (5 µg).
Resistant to lysozyme. Susceptible to ampicillin (10 µg), bacitracin (10 U), cephalothin (30 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), erythromycin
(15 µg), novobiocin (30 µg), and rifampin (5 µg).
Undetermined.
- Onishi H, Kamekura M. Micrococcus halobius sp. n. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1972; 22:233-236.
- Hans-Jurgen Busse, 2012. Family I. Micrococcaceae Pribham 1929, 361 AL emend. Stackebrandt, Rainey and Ward-Rainey
1997, 479 in: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, Volume Five The Actinobacteria, Part A, Springer, 571-
666. - Lo N, Lee SH, Jin HM, Jung JY, Schumann P, Jeon CO. Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from saeu-jeot, traditional
Korean fermented shrimp. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:1015-1021.
Positive results for acetoin production, acid and alkaline phosphatase, catalase, casein hydrolysis, citrate utilization (most strains),
esculin hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis (negative in Onishi's original study), beta-galactosidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, leucine
arylamidase, oxidase, starch hydrolysis, trypsin, tyrosine hydrolysis, valine arylamidase, acid production (without gas) from fructose,
glucose and D-xylose (admin note: in the original paper acid is produced oxidatively on Leifson's MOF medium from: glucose,
galactose (slow), glycerol, lactose, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, starch, sucrose, and xylose).
Utilizes (Biolog panel) D-tagatose, acetic acid, and p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, alpha-fucosidase, indole production, H2S production, lipaase C14, lysine decarboxylase,
alpha-mannosidase, nitrate reduction, ornithine decarboxylase, phosphatase, tyrosine hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease, acid
production from L-arabinose (positive in Lo's study), D-galactose, glycerol, inulin, lactose, maltose, mannose, mannitol, sucrose, and
trehalose.
esculin hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis (negative in Onishi's original study), beta-galactosidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, leucine
arylamidase, oxidase, starch hydrolysis, trypsin, tyrosine hydrolysis, valine arylamidase, acid production (without gas) from fructose,
glucose and D-xylose (admin note: in the original paper acid is produced oxidatively on Leifson's MOF medium from: glucose,
galactose (slow), glycerol, lactose, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, starch, sucrose, and xylose).
Utilizes (Biolog panel) D-tagatose, acetic acid, and p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, alpha-fucosidase, indole production, H2S production, lipaase C14, lysine decarboxylase,
alpha-mannosidase, nitrate reduction, ornithine decarboxylase, phosphatase, tyrosine hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease, acid
production from L-arabinose (positive in Lo's study), D-galactose, glycerol, inulin, lactose, maltose, mannose, mannitol, sucrose, and
trehalose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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