| Pseudomonas cichorii |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Pseudomonadales, Family Pseudomonadaceae,
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928.
Old synonyms: Phytomonas cichorii Swingle 1925; Bacterium cichorii Elliott 1930; Pseudomonas endiviae Kotte 1930; Bacterium
formosanum Okabe 1935: Chlorobacter cichorii Patel and Kulkarni 1951, probable synonym: Pseudomonas papaveris Lelliott and
Wallace 1955).
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928.
Old synonyms: Phytomonas cichorii Swingle 1925; Bacterium cichorii Elliott 1930; Pseudomonas endiviae Kotte 1930; Bacterium
formosanum Okabe 1935: Chlorobacter cichorii Patel and Kulkarni 1951, probable synonym: Pseudomonas papaveris Lelliott and
Wallace 1955).
Gram-negative rods, 0.7-0.8 x 0.2-3.6 μm, motile with polar multitrichous flagella.
Colony morphology: circular, convex, smooth, glossy, translucent. Produces
fluorescent diffusible pigment, particularly in iron-deficient media. Not lipolytic. No
slime produced on sucrose media. Obligately aerobic, optimal growth temperature
30-35 ºC. No growth at 41 ºC.
Organic growth factors are not required. Growth slow in mineral media with single
carbon sources and relatively slow in complex media. Grows on: Trypticase Soy Agar,
Nutrient agar, LB medium, King’s medium B.
fluorescent diffusible pigment, particularly in iron-deficient media. Not lipolytic. No
slime produced on sucrose media. Obligately aerobic, optimal growth temperature
30-35 ºC. No growth at 41 ºC.
Organic growth factors are not required. Growth slow in mineral media with single
carbon sources and relatively slow in complex media. Grows on: Trypticase Soy Agar,
Nutrient agar, LB medium, King’s medium B.
Isolated from Cichorium intybus and Cichorium endivia.
Pathogen to plants – leaf spotting and blighting in Cichorium spp., Lactuca sativa, Chrysanthemum morifolium (also, few reports for
Plecthrantus australis, Hedera helix, Curcuma longa, Ocimum basilicum L., Brassaia actinophylla, Dizygotheca elegantissima,
Gerbera jamesonii, Polyscias fruticosai).
Plecthrantus australis, Hedera helix, Curcuma longa, Ocimum basilicum L., Brassaia actinophylla, Dizygotheca elegantissima,
Gerbera jamesonii, Polyscias fruticosai).
- A. R. Chase: Bacterial Leaf Blight Incited by Pseudomonas cichorii in Schefflera arboricola and Some Related Plants. The
American Phytopathological Society. DOI: 10.1094/PD-68-73,1984. - George M. Garrity, Julia A. Bell & Timothy Lilburn: Order IX Pseudomonadales Orla-Jensen 1921 In: Bergey’s Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology, Second edition,Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), 2005, pp. 323-442. - Lu CH, Han TH, Jiang N, Gai XT, Cao ZH, Zou SY, Chen W, Ma JH, Lin ZL, Li J, et al. Pseudomonas lijiangensis sp. nov., a novel
phytopathogenic bacterium isolated from black spots of tobacco. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5591.
Positive results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, indole production and oxidase.
Can utilize glucose, mucate, succinate, glycerol, L-aspartate, L-glutamate, L-glutamine, gamma-aminobutyrate, D-ribose, D-xylose,
acetate, propionate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-arabinose, gluconate, L-malate, citrate, aconitate, D-mannose, D-galactose, caproate,
L-arginine, betaine, D-fructose, caprylate, pelargonate, lactate, mannitol, meso-inositol, phydroxybenzoate, quinate, L-serine,
L-proline, sucrose, L-tyrosine and meso-tartrate.
Negative results for arginine dehydrolase, esculin hydrolysis (beta-glucosidase), beta-galactosidase, gelatin hydrolysis (protease),
nitric acid reduction, urease and acid production from glucose.
2-ketogluconate not produced from glucose and not utilized as carbon source.
No utilization of: L-alanine, ascorbate, 2-ketogluconate, sorbitol, adonitol, nicotinate, D-arabinose, D-fucose, L-rhamnose, trehalose,
maltose, cellobiose, lactose, melibiose, methylglucoside, starch, inulin, salicin, N-acetylglucosamine, isobutyrate, isovalerate,
linoleate, laurylsulfate, tannate, oxalate, maleate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, glycolate, thioglycolate, levulinate,
citraconate, itaconate, mesaconate, 3-phosphoglycerate, hydroxymethylbutyrate, adonitol,ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,
2,3-butyleneglycol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, geraniol, D-mandelate, L-mandelate,
benzoylformate, benzoate, o-hydroxybenzoate, m-hydroxybenzoate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylethanediol, eicosenedioate,
naphthalene, phenol, testosterone, glycine, beta-alanine, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-norleucine, L-valine, L-lysine, L-ornithine,
L-citrulline, alpha-aminobutyrate, D-aminovalerate, L-phenylalanine, L-hydroxyproline, D-tryptophan, indoleacetic acid, L-kynurenine,
kynurenate, anthranilate, methylamine, ethanolamine, benzylamine, spermine, histamine, tryptamine, butylamine, alpha-amylamine,
creatine, choline, hippurate, urate, pantothenate, acetamide, nicotinate, dodecane, hexadecane, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, pectate,
chlorogenate and uridine.
Variable utilization of: raffinose, valerate, caprate, D-alanine, L-histidine, sarcosine, linolenate and tricaproin.
Can utilize glucose, mucate, succinate, glycerol, L-aspartate, L-glutamate, L-glutamine, gamma-aminobutyrate, D-ribose, D-xylose,
acetate, propionate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-arabinose, gluconate, L-malate, citrate, aconitate, D-mannose, D-galactose, caproate,
L-arginine, betaine, D-fructose, caprylate, pelargonate, lactate, mannitol, meso-inositol, phydroxybenzoate, quinate, L-serine,
L-proline, sucrose, L-tyrosine and meso-tartrate.
Negative results for arginine dehydrolase, esculin hydrolysis (beta-glucosidase), beta-galactosidase, gelatin hydrolysis (protease),
nitric acid reduction, urease and acid production from glucose.
2-ketogluconate not produced from glucose and not utilized as carbon source.
No utilization of: L-alanine, ascorbate, 2-ketogluconate, sorbitol, adonitol, nicotinate, D-arabinose, D-fucose, L-rhamnose, trehalose,
maltose, cellobiose, lactose, melibiose, methylglucoside, starch, inulin, salicin, N-acetylglucosamine, isobutyrate, isovalerate,
linoleate, laurylsulfate, tannate, oxalate, maleate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, glycolate, thioglycolate, levulinate,
citraconate, itaconate, mesaconate, 3-phosphoglycerate, hydroxymethylbutyrate, adonitol,ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,
2,3-butyleneglycol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, geraniol, D-mandelate, L-mandelate,
benzoylformate, benzoate, o-hydroxybenzoate, m-hydroxybenzoate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylethanediol, eicosenedioate,
naphthalene, phenol, testosterone, glycine, beta-alanine, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-norleucine, L-valine, L-lysine, L-ornithine,
L-citrulline, alpha-aminobutyrate, D-aminovalerate, L-phenylalanine, L-hydroxyproline, D-tryptophan, indoleacetic acid, L-kynurenine,
kynurenate, anthranilate, methylamine, ethanolamine, benzylamine, spermine, histamine, tryptamine, butylamine, alpha-amylamine,
creatine, choline, hippurate, urate, pantothenate, acetamide, nicotinate, dodecane, hexadecane, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, pectate,
chlorogenate and uridine.
Variable utilization of: raffinose, valerate, caprate, D-alanine, L-histidine, sarcosine, linolenate and tricaproin.
(c) Costin Stoica
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